IoT Component Categories
Microcontrollers
Programmable hardware boards executing firmware logic, reading sensor signals, and driving actuators.
MicrocontrollersArduino Uno R3
ATmega328P 8-bit MCU at 16MHz, 5V logic, 14 digital IO pins, 6 analog inputs. The standard board for electronics beginners.
MicrocontrollersArduino Nano
Compact breadboard-friendly ATmega328P board with identical Uno capabilities plus two extra analog inputs.
MicrocontrollersArduino Mega 2560
High-pinout microcontroller board with 54 digital IO pins, 16 analog inputs, and 4 hardware serial ports.
MicrocontrollersESP32-C3 DevKit
RISC-V 32-bit single-core SoC at 160MHz with integrated 2.4 GHz WiFi and Bluetooth 5 for connected IoT systems.
MicrocontrollersATtiny85 Microcontroller
Compact 8-pin AVR chip running up to 20MHz with 8KB flash for wearable and low-power circuits.
MicrocontrollersRaspberry Pi Pico
RP2040 dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+ at 133MHz featuring programmable IO state machines for custom hardware interfaces.
MicrocontrollersRaspberry Pi Pico W
Pico RP2040 board with onboard wireless communication for wireless telemetry and IoT projects.
Sensors
Hardware transducers that convert physical phenomena into electrical signals for the microcontroller.
SensorsHC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
Sonar burst distance sensor measuring distance from 2cm to 400cm via acoustic round-trip echo timing.
SensorsDHT22 Climate Sensor
Digital temperature and relative humidity sensor with calibrated single-bus communication output.
SensorsPhotoresistor LDR
Light-dependent resistor whose internal resistance drops significantly when exposed to ambient light.
SensorsPIR Motion Sensor
Pyroelectric infrared detector with a segmented Fresnel lens for sensing warm human movement.
SensorsMQ-2 Gas Sensor
Heated ceramic sensor detecting combustible gas leaks including LPG, propane, methane, and smoke plumes.
SensorsOptical Flame Sensor
High-speed phototransistor tuned to infrared wavelengths emitted by open hydrocarbon fires.
SensorsMPU6050 Motion Sensor
MEMS 3-axis accelerometer and 3-axis gyroscope with an onboard digital motion processor.
SensorsNTC Thermistor Sensor
Negative temperature coefficient variable resistor converting heat variations into analog voltage levels.
SensorsSound Microphone Sensor
Condenser microphone paired with an onboard comparator to detect sound volume thresholds and audio pulses.
SensorsPulse Heart Rate Monitor
Optical pulse sensor measuring blood volume changes in fingertip tissue to compute heartbeats per minute.
SensorsHX711 Load Cell Amplifier
Precision 24-bit analog converter designed to read microvolt signals from weight scales.
SensorsInfrared Receiver TSOP
Miniature optical receiver with an integrated bandpass filter tuned to 38 kHz modulated infrared signals.
Input Devices
Manual controls and switches operated directly by users to provide interactive inputs to a circuit.
Input DevicesTactile Pushbutton
Momentary switch providing high or low logic signals when pressed by an operator.
Input DevicesRotary Potentiometer
Three-terminal adjustable resistor delivering variable analog voltage levels from 0V to full supply voltage.
Input DevicesSlide Potentiometer
Linear track adjustable resistor ideal for audio mixers, throttle levers, and manual calibration sliders.
Input DevicesThumbstick Joystick
Dual-axis analog controller with two potentiometers and an integrated center pushbutton switch.
Input DevicesMembrane Keypad 4x4
Matrix keypad with 16 numeric and function buttons using row and column scanning to conserve microcontroller pins.
Input DevicesDIP Switch 8 Position
Array of 8 manual slide switches in a dual-in-line package for configuration settings and hardware addressing.
Input DevicesSlide Switch SPDT
Mechanical toggle switch used for power control and switching circuit operating modes.
Input DevicesRotary Encoder KY-040
Continuous 360 degree rotational knob producing quadrature pulses to track direction and rotation speed.
Input DevicesBall Tilt Switch
Orientation and motion sensor using an internal conductive ball that triggers when tilted past 15 degrees.
Input DevicesInfrared Remote Control
Handheld wireless remote emitting 38 kHz modulated signals for remote device control.
Displays
Visual output modules presenting text readouts, graphics, numbers, and status indicators.
DisplaysLCD 1602 Character Display
Two-line liquid crystal display showing 16 characters per row with an I2C communication interface.
DisplaysLCD 2004 Four Line Display
Four-line character display offering 80 total characters for complex dashboards and multi-value readouts.
DisplaysOLED SSD1306 Display
Crisp 128x64 pixel graphical OLED display where each pixel emits individual light with high contrast.
DisplaysSeven Segment Display
Standard numeric display component for clocks, counters, and digital instrumentation readouts.
DisplaysILI9341 Color TFT Display
High-speed SPI color graphic screen with 320x240 resolution for interactive gauges and charts.
DisplaysNeoPixel Matrix 8x8
Grid of 64 addressable RGB LEDs linked through a single serial control wire for animations and icons.
DisplaysNeoPixel Circular Ring
Circular ring of 16 individually addressable LEDs for speedometer dials, timers, and mood lighting.
DisplaysThrough-Hole LED
Classic indicator diode emitting light when powered through a current-limiting resistor.
DisplaysRGB LED 4-Pin
Multi-color diode combining red, green, and blue dies to produce millions of colors via PWM duty cycles.
DisplaysLED Bar Graph
Ten-segment linear LED array for displaying battery levels, tank volume, and audio signal strength.
Actuators
Hardware components that convert electrical energy into physical motion, acoustic alerts, or mechanical switching.
ActuatorsMicro Servo Motor SG90
Geared motor with internal position feedback rotating accurately to angles between 0 and 180 degrees.
ActuatorsStepper Motor NEMA
Brushless motor rotating in precise equal steps for high-torque motion in automated machines.
ActuatorsDual Biaxial Stepper Motor
Dual-shaft precision positioning actuator for pan-tilt camera rigs and multi-axis mechanisms.
ActuatorsPiezo Buzzer
Piezoelectric audio transducer that vibrates to generate tones, alarms, and melodies from PWM signals.
ActuatorsRelay Module 5V
Electromagnetic isolation switch allowing low-voltage logic to control high-power electrical appliances safely.
Physical Actors
Simulated real-world objects placed on the canvas to trigger sensors and display physical responses naturally without sliders.
Physical ActorsCar Vehicle Actor
Draggable vehicle that triggers ultrasonic sensors via acoustic radar echo reflections for parking barriers.
Physical ActorsHand Gesture Actor
Simulates human hand hover for touchless trash cans, soap dispensers, and tactile button contact.
Physical ActorsPedestrian Human Actor
Radiates thermal infrared presence to trigger motion detectors on smart streetlights.
Physical ActorsTest Weight Actor
Applies calibrated mechanical mass to load cell platforms to test digital scale calibration and tare zeroing.
Physical ActorsFlame Source Actor
Radiates infrared fire wavelengths with adjustable intensity to trigger industrial fire alarms.
Physical ActorsGas Cloud Actor
Simulates expanding plumes of gas drifting toward sensor detectors to test emergency ventilation systems.
Physical ActorsSunlight Vector Actor
High-intensity light source driving photoresistor sensors on single-axis automated solar trackers.
Physical ActorsWater Reservoir Actor
Fluid container that fills and drains in real time for water level sensing and smart irrigation pumps.
Physical ActorsWind Breeze Actor
Airflow vector that influences ambient temperature and humidity around climate monitoring stations.
Physical ActorsSound Source Actor
Generates acoustic sound pressure waves to trigger microphone thresholds on visualizer projects.
Passive
Foundational passive parts, prototyping breadboards, and peripheral storage modules supporting circuits.
PassiveCarbon Film Resistor
Passive two-terminal electrical component providing resistance to limit current flow and divide voltages.
PassiveSolderless Breadboard
Prototyping base with internal spring clips and power rails for connecting components without soldering.
PassiveMicroSD Card Module
Non-volatile flash storage module communicating over SPI for recording sensor telemetry and data logs.
PassiveReal Time Clock DS1307
Battery-backed clock module tracking seconds, minutes, hours, and calendar dates with high accuracy.